ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ ؟

ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ " ﻧﻮﺑﻞ " ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 2016 ﻟﻠﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ

ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ " ﻳﻮﺭﺷﻴﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻫﺴﻮﻣﻲ " ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ..
ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺠﻮﻉ ﺟﺴﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ

ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﻳﻤﺮ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﺭﺏ

ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ

ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ

ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ..

ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ..recycling" ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ

" autophagy " ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺠﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ

ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ8 ﺇﻟﻰ16

ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻜﺮﺭﻫﺬﻩ

ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ

ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ

ﻻﺣﻈﻮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺃﺳﻤﻮﻫﺎ "autophagisomes"

ﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻤﻜﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﺬﻯ

ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ..

ﻭﻧﺼﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﺴﻤﻰﺏ "starvation" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻉ

ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎً ﻣﻦ ٨ ﺇﻟﻰ ١٦ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ